Sunday, March 17, 2013

Reflections on the Church - Josephat Diyuo


A REFLECTION ON THE NEED FOR ECUMENISM
The unity of the Church is founded on scripture, in the letters of St Paul, it is evident that, Paul did not found all the churches but he was conscious of the oneness of the different churches (cf Rom 12:4-5). And again, Paul reminded the younger churches to be in communion with the older churches. Also in the Acts of the Apostles unity of the Church is highlighted in 2:41-42. Though John did not talk of church in his Gospel he recognized that there is one flock belonging to one shepherd. These biblical positions point to the fact that the Church can only attained its final goal in unity and not in disarray.
The council fathers(Vatican II) revisited the purpose of Christ death, that is, new life and unity of all humanity. Before the Cross he prayed that all may be one (Jn 17:21). Thus he instituted the sacrament of the Eucharist  which brings to reality the unity of the Church.  He exhorted his disciples to remain united in love through the gift of the Holy Spirit. The Spirit  unites the Church in faith , hope and charity, as stated in Eph. 4:4-5 "...one body and one spirit ....one Lord, one faith , one baptism."
The witnesses of martyrs; not only Catholics but of other Christian dominations is a testimony that we are all in the same direction and a motivation for us to strive in unity with all Christian churches. If we are following the examples of these gallant martyrs how can we then remain divided.
At the level of theology there seems to be some achievements which gives hope, but further concrete efforts needs to be made in this direction. It should start from the hearts of all, that we open up our hearts towards the faithful of other denominations, reconcile the painful past and move forward together. Though we differ in certain practices we share the same purpose: the realization of God's kingdom. What we only need to do as pilgrims on a journey is to support one another in our weaknesses so as to reach our final destination, the salvation of all souls.
The efforts in unifying the different churches seem to be yielding some fruits, yet discouraging. That is, in the Catholic dialogue with the orthodox churches there is a lot of hope but with the protestants churches, things seem to be getting even worse especially with the proliferation of churches. The main cause of this minimal achievement is the belief by each church of  having the truth. However we have to acknowledge our incapacity to discover the full truth of revelation. This awareness will open our doors to others, geared towards unification. we have to give a listening ear to one another, so as to come together and the Holy Spirit will teach us to understand and live truly the unity and oneness of Christ.
It is therefore, the duty of all Christians to respect to respect one another's faith, socialized with them, share their joys and sorrows, and through this full communion will certainly be achieved.
SOURCES:1. Vatican council II vol. 1 The Conciliar and Post Conciliar Documents.
2. Encyclical of Pope John Paul II on ecumenism
3. Lecture notes on Ecclesiology by Fr kocholikal
4. Homily of His Holiness Benedict XVI and Message of the Bishops of Africa to the People of God.

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A REFLECTION ON 1 PETER: THE NEW COVENANTED PEOPLE OF GOD. 
The authorship of first peter is not known but its purpose was to encourage the Christian communities in Asia minor  to endure hardship in Jesus' name . The Christians were a minority in this region and could give up in the wake of rejection and persecution . As a minority, Christians were suspected of being a secret society. also they were being persecuted by the Romans for been atheists and antisocial. Hence they are exhorted on the need to strengthened their bond of unity so as  to overcome these challenges.
He first of all reminds them of their identity in 2:9 "you are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation"  a comparison with Israel delivered from the house of bondage. Thus the Christians  should see themselves as the 'new covenanted people'. The word church did not however appear in First Peter but it is implicit in the phrase  people of God. Because the people in First Peter is described as God's chosen people  parallel to (Ex 19:6) and (Is 43:20-21).
Christ has delivered them from their former status and brought among the people of God which is the core of their call. They are to translate this into a spiritual offering to God through Christ, that is, to accept Christ as their saviour . To accept all the sufferings , rejection , suspicion , accusations , persecutions just a Christ did on the cross. They should consider themselves as the Israel in exile and endure for the final delivery will soon come. Though the church is in exile now , it is the People of God in 'pilgrimage to the promised land'.
In my experience, this tendency can be construed in two ways (i) the individual experience as a Christian and (ii) the minority Christian community. In the first instance, the individual spiritual journey usually faces a lot of challenges from his peers or community. Even among Christians and religious communities where individuals who dedicate themselves to imitating Christ are often suffocated , ridiculed and rejected. First Peter reminds them not to give up. There could also be a negative aspect, in that, an individual because of his faith may see others as sinners and impure people and hence reject the community. Secondly the minority Christian believers also suffer persecutions like in First Peter in different parts of our world and tend to bind them more together, giving them a strong sense of unity with the hope of eschatological liberation. Such as the Christians in Pakistan, Iraq, Libya, Sudan where Muslims dominate and Christianity is a minority.
My experience Living in Karimoja among the Karimojong in Northern Uganda as a missionary gave me such experience. So many challenges face missionary work there; ranging from high insecurity from cattle raiders, poor road network, poor sanity, a negative attitude of the local people towards missionaries etc. Several priests and religious have been murdered there. This feeling has resulted in solidarity and a sense of belonging among the religious communities. Whom, though faced with these challenges, are committed to their missionary calling in this region and identify with one another, consoling and encouraging one another to recognized Gods presence in the midst of all these challenges, with joyful hope that one day the fruits of their labour will be abundant.
SOURCES: 1.Lecture notes on First peter, 2. the Anchor Bible Dictionary vol. 5, David Noel Freedman eds.
3. The African Bible, 4. Personal experience


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REFLECTION ON THE ECCLESIOLOGY OF THE SECOND VATICAN COUNCIL

We are the Church and not that the Church is for us. It is not outside of us but within us. Not an organization but an organism of the Holy Spirit and thus alive. This awareness of the church as mystical body,  liberates us, in that we recognize that we are part of the mystical body with Christ as the nucleus. This gives us a sense of belonging and a sense of responsibility.   like any living organism it undergoes changes yet remains essentially the same(Guardini).
This awareness brought joy and life because before this time the Church emphasized her  primacy against any modern achievements. The only truth comes from the Church and the members are just from without, like spectators in a game. But the truth came to light that, the Church is actually the expressions of faith of the individual members, hence each individual counts including the dead (communion of saints).
The Church has undergone changes through the ages yet remains  Christ's interventions in the history of mankind, Jesus though crucified is alive in the Church. Christ inaugurates the Church and the Church continues to perpetuate the life of Christ, for the Church is but the presence of Christ. Like the disciples of Emmaus, the presence of Christ burns in our hearts, and it is this experiences put together that expresses the Church. Thus the church germinates from within and grows outward,  the one who experiences Christ expresses it in prayer, the sacraments and the attitude of faith, hope and love. This attitude draws others to communion with Christ and by so doing builds the Church.
Accepting Christ is becoming part of the mystical body of Christ the Church, and hence an organ, which has to function for the completeness of the whole. this has to be expressed in me in living the reality of the Church in daily life. Hence the Church is a dynamic living reality and thus it should be facilitated to grow and matures in the faith and not to be imprisoned in authoritative power.
Church as the body of Christ is interwoven with the Eucharist, this is what St Paul and the early Church fathers believed that through the Eucharist  we receive the body of Christ as food. This is the summit of Church's life. Christ's institution of the Eucharist results in the Church, prefigured already at the last supper, service of God which is service of the people.  Thus the Church is not only universal but local, for the presence of Christ is the Church, which is true of the local Church (LG 26) , the spirit of collegiality is imperative. This means self proclaimed churches lacks legitimacy as we only encounter Christ through the sacraments, in unity with one another and with Christ in the Church. The council recognized the universal priesthood of the faithful hence the introduction of the term People of God. It is through baptism that we are saved by Christ and called to witness (1 Peter 3:15).
In conclusion, the council Fathers  see the church as a mystery, a sacrament, it is the whole people of God and not just the hierarchy. Authority is for service and the Church is for the sake of the kingdom and cannot be seen as the kingdom. It is a pilgrim Church searching for the truth which is not only restricted in the Catholic Church, but can be found in other ecclesial communities and religions. For my part, I have come to recognized my place and role in the Church, that Christ lives in me by virtue of my baptism and I have to live this life of Christ in me in a way that propagates his presence in others. To be a priest is not to be in authority but to serve others as Christ served me. Above all to recognise the role of the faithful in the proclamation of God's kingdom.
sources: 1. class notes taken from L'Observatore Romano, Weekly Edition in english, 23 january 2002, page 5.
2. Vatican II vol. 1 The Conciliar and Post Conciliar Documents, edited by Austin Flannery, O.P.
3. www.wiziq.com/../106759/vat-11- ecclesiology



Reflection On 'Africae Munus' by  Josephat Diyuo, date: 16-03-13
Africae Munus, calls on the ecclesiastical community in Africa to focus on achieving reconciliation, justice and peace. The continent went through many challenges, yet the Pope exhorts us not to remain wounded by these atrocities but to move forward in faith and hope[1]. Christians are urged to exemplify the just life of Christ (nos 24-25), so as to draw the world to justice. we are called to live the beatitudes (nos 26-27); committed to fraternal service , love of truth (no. 28) and this will lead to reconciliation, justice and peace.
There is therefore the need for authentic conversion and partaking of the sacraments of penance, spirituality of communion, inculturation of the gospel (nos 32-41). Also conscious efforts should be made in protection of life ,  care of migrants, displaced persons, refugees. also there should be good governance (nos 70-85), ecumenical and interreligious dialogue with African Traditional Religion and Islam (nos 92-94). He calls on the Church as family of God to contribute to communion and peace in the Church and society. The Church's apostolate should demonstrate the Church as Christ's presence; in the area of education, health care, communication etc.
The church as family of God, has to revitalize her zeal for evangelization to places where the gospel has not reach, which all Christians should be involved, our daily lives should demonstrate the spirit of reconciliation, justice and peace. The African clergy and consecrated men and women are invited to value vocation as priest and religious  and to  support the new evangelization in the secularized nations, Africa has received enough from other nations, it is time to give back(nos 100-120).  The missionaries of Africa (most of whom came from Europe and America) in my home diocese in Ghana is a perfect witness, now the diocese has a lot of priests and religious who are called to help the evangelization of the west. Lastly the church re-affirm her commitment to evangelization and human development so as to ensure reconciliation, justice and peace in the whole of Africa and the world at large.
I think this document is a wakeup call for us to recognize the many blessings that are bestowed on Africa and forge ahead in our ministry so that the light of Christ in the church family will shine in all dark corners of Africa. It's our duty as students for the priesthood to reflect deeply on our role as members of the Church family and put in our best that the gospel values penetrate the heart of Africa, in order to bring about reconciliation, justice and peace. Especially in areas like Karimoja in northern Uganda where poverty, insecurity dominate.
SOURCES:1.  Africae Munus of His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI, 2. www.news.va/en/news/key-ideas-and-principal-themes-of-africae-munus.



[1] cf Homily of his Holiness Benedict XVI and message of the bishops of Africa to the people of God, 1.

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